EFFL 6|2008 Using the Designation ‘Parmesan’ for Hard Cheese of Non-Italian Origin 387 I. Facts In April 2003, the Commission requested the German authorities to give clear instructions to the government bodies responsible for the combating of fraud to bring to an end the marketing on German territory of products designated as ‘Parmesan’ which did not comply with the specification for the protected designation of origin (PDO) ‘Parmigiano Reggiano’. Si